That is the problem Zero Trust solves. It assumes nothing. It trusts no one. Authentication is no longer a single event at login; it becomes a continuous proof of identity. Access control stops being about the perimeter and starts being about each request, checked in real time, against identity, device state, and context.
Authentication in a Zero Trust model means every action requires verification. No more open sessions coasting for hours. No more implicit trust because someone is “inside.” Every API call, every database query, and every admin command must prove who triggered it — and whether they should. This narrows attack surfaces to the smallest possible scope.
Zero Trust access control lives on strict policies. Role-based access control is no longer enough; it’s combined with attribute-based rules tied to user context, device status, network risk level, and event signals from threat intelligence. A compromised credential is useless if the device is unknown or fails posture checks. Session hijacking dies fast when session integrity is bound to verified cryptographic tokens and dynamic risk scores.