Every expired token, every dormant service account, every forgotten API key is another open door. Non-human identities—service accounts, bots, workloads—often have more reach than any single human user. They are invisible, rarely reviewed, and almost never expire when they should. Leaving them with standing access is handing attackers the keys and forgetting they exist.
Just-in-Time (JIT) access for non-human identities cuts that risk to zero. Access only exists for the precise window it’s needed. When the work is done, privileges vanish. Credentials are generated on demand, never reused, and never sitting in a config file waiting to be stolen.
Static access is a relic. Modern teams run short-lived credentials across every environment. A CI/CD job needs database rights? It gets them for minutes, not days. A microservice needs to read from an S3 bucket? Access spins up when requested and disappears the moment the call ends. This model works because it scales without leaving doors open.