ISO 27001 Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)

ISO 27001 sets the standard for information security management systems. Transparent Data Encryption is one of the most effective tools for meeting its controls on data confidentiality. TDE encrypts data at rest — the files and backups where sensitive information lives. It works at the database level, encrypting storage without changing how applications query or write data. Queries return decrypted results to authorized users, but unauthorized access to the storage files yields only unreadable ciphertext.

For ISO 27001 compliance, TDE aligns with Annex A controls, including cryptographic protection, secure storage, and protection against data breaches. It blocks direct database file theft, a common attack vector, and fulfills encryption policy requirements without modifying application code. Database engines like SQL Server, Oracle, and PostgreSQL provide native TDE options. Correct implementation means enabling the encryption key hierarchy, securing the master key, and managing certificates.

When configuring TDE, key management is critical. ISO 27001 demands strict handling of cryptographic keys, including rotation, access control, and secure backup. A compromised key compromises the data. Integrate TDE into the wider ISMS, document the process, and audit regularly to ensure compliance and resilience.

Transparent Data Encryption should not be the sole security measure. Combine it with network security, access control, monitoring, and incident response planning. In an ISO 27001 environment, encryption is a checkpoint in a chain of defenses — but without it, stored data remains exposed.

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